LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LAW - Essay Example It is not more than 100 words and focuses solely on defining the reader what the writer is going to talk about. ADR is one of the subjects of discussion, and the writer starts which the explanation of ADR which also includes the definition of the same. After having explained the concept, the writer further dwells into the understanding and the functioning of ADR. He argues the advantages and the disadvantages of ADR. It also involves the study of different types of ADR and their functions with regard to the settlement of the disputes. The writer has given a brief explanation of each and every type of ADR and their different approached towards the settlement of disputes. The writer in the third structure talks about Litigation which is also known as Court Trial. Over here he defines and explains what we really mean by Court trial and how it functions. After having discussed the brief functions of Court Trial, the writer then dwells on the advantages and the disadvantages of Court Tria l. The writer goes deep into the advantages and disadvantages of Court Trial and concludes with the same.Question 2 Question 2 Court Trial and ADR Introduction In Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust, the Court has the following observation: â€Å"All members of the legal profession who conduct litigation should now consider with their clients whether disputes are suitable for ADR†.... Despite a lot of negativity having been spread about ADR in recent years, the fact remains that ADR is now the most sought after mode of settling disputes and due to its simplicity it has become the major force to reckon with for lawyers. It was held in the case of Halsey v Milton Keynes the following: â€Å"the courts will not refuse costs to a successful party unless it was shown that the successful party acted unreasonably in refusing to agree to ADR. The normal order of costs made to the winning party (costs follow the event – crudely stated â€Å"the winner takes all†) would not apply if the successful party acted unreasonably.† Understanding the point of view given in the above case, it can be inferred that the Courts made it clear that it would not obligatory on the part of the parties to opt for Arbitration; however, in the same proposition Courts do feel that the parties should try their utmost best to opt for ADR in settling the disputes. ADR can be div ided into two types. The first form of ADR is resolving and settling disputes outside the official judicial mechanisms. The second form of ADR is to resolve and settle disputes informal to official judicial mechanisms. It involves the informal tribunals and informal mediation processes as well as formal tribunals and formal mediation processes. Let us discuss the forms of ADR before we move further. ADR consists of the following means: a) Arbitration b) Mediation c) Conciliation d) Negotiation All these forms of ADR are extremely popular within the legal profession. Arbitration is the form of settlement of disputes where the matter is given to an independent party

Rare Aging Disease Essay Example for Free

Rare Aging Disease Essay A 12 year old girl named Ontlametse Phalatse lives in Hebron, a small town just north of Johannesburg, South Africa. When she gets home from school, she does homework, watches tv, does her daily chores, and sometimes helps her mother cook. Ontlametse has bright plans for the future, to become a psychologist. This seemingly ordinary child is also known as the only living black person with the disease known as Progeria. This rare disease is a genetic condition that’s speeds up the aging process. There were only two other black children that were diagnosed with the condition, but they died. Ontlametse and a white child are the only Africans diagnosed and they both live in South Africa. They may live there because South Africa has some of the best medical care on the continent. Most children with Progeria die between the ages of 8 and 21, usually suffering from heart failure, strokes, and high blood pressure. By the age of three months Ontlametse suffered constant rashes, and before she was one year old her hair was falling out. Ontlametse At the age of six she was enrolled in school, where teachers and classmates scorned her because they thought she had AIDS. Ontlametse was not diagnosed until she was 10, when a doctor friend hinted on the condition to her mother. Even though she has this condition Ontlametse is a bright and strong little girl. She says â€Å"I don’t care what people say about me† referring to the mean classmates, but she says that she has two friends in her class. At school Ontlametse is self conscious about her bald head and always wears a hat, that’s why one of the things on her wish list is a specially designed wig to wear when she’s not at home. Ontlametse calls herself the first lady because she is the only black child with this condition. Ontlametse says she wants to be a psychologist when she grows up so that she can help others accept themselves for the way that they are, just like she does. This dream of the future would require a miracle knowing that she may only have a couple more years to live. Every school holiday, Ontlametse flies to the Progeria Research Foundation at Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Here she participates in research were she has access to cutting edge drugs. I think that this article is really shocking, interesting and sad. This little girl is the only black person with Progeria on the whole planet. I have seen a show about this condition on tv, there was a three day convention that brought together all of the children with this condition. It was really shocking to see these young children looking like old people and having all of the health related issues that old people have, they are so small and fragile. Even though Ontlametse has all these problems she still attends school, does chores, has dreams, and is so strong, which is very inspiring. She does not let this condition bring her down, she knows that it’s a part of her and she wants to be a model for others to accept themselves as they are. This article is also saddens me because in reality this little girl, so full of life and personality, may only have a few more years left to live.

nations of dreams :: essays research papers

I have a dream. These are the infamous words of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the day that he voiced his vision of America. It was his dream that was deferred for so many generations that finally exploded in the Civil Rights Movement of the 50’s and 60’s. The beginning of this nation was started as a dream and on dreams it has grown. For without a vision, the people shall parish. Nevertheless, there have been dreams that have fallen to the wayside of other dreams. These dreams may be left behind, but they have not been forgotten. To defer a dream, is to cause an explosion of mass proprieties. The American dream was first put on paper in what is call today the ‘Declaration of Independence.’ The dream was that all men are created equal. Before this dream America was ruled by a hierarchy system, that constables, dukes and kings ruled not by choice of the people, but because they were born into it. It was the dream that men had the right to Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness that at first festered like a sore and finally exploded in the Revolutionary War. In Russia the dream of the turfs was to have food, clothing, and shelter while the czars lived in castles wearing ermine cloaks and velvet dress clothing, eating feasts of swan, sweets and caviar. In their Communist Manifesto of 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels printed the dream of a socialist system. It was a dream that exploded 70 years later. On March 8 of 1917 a severe food shortage cause riots in Petrograd. The crowds demanded food and the step down of Tsar. When the troops were called in to disperse the crowds, they refused to fire their weapons and joined in the rioting. From the smallest child to the oldest man, dreams are an integral part of us.

What is Stormwater Pollution?

When it rains, water flows from your roof, yard, and street into the gutter and down the drain. The stormwater drain carries this water into Lake Macquarie, wetlands, lagoons and the ocean along with all the sediment, rubbish, grass clippings, pet faeces, chemicals and fertiliser it collects along the way. The result is stormwater pollution. Last Modified: 20-AUG-2009 What impact is stormwater pollution having on Lake Macquarie? Volumes of stormwater in urban areas have increased up to 40 times above natural levels due to the increased area of impervious surfaces such as rooves, roads, and driveways. The increase in volume causes our creeks to rise higher and flow faster, eroding the banks and bed of the creek carrying increased sediment and nutrients into the Lake. It is estimated 57,000 tonnes of sediment is washed into the Lake each year, nine times more than when the Lake was surrounded by bushland. We all live in a water catchment and our every-day activities affect the quality of the Lake and ocean. When many people carry out the same activity, the cumulative effect can be great. For example, the 45,000 pet dogs in Lake Macquarie create about 9 tonnes of faeces every day. The impacts of stormwater runoff may include the loss of recreational amenity, the destruction of seagrass beds and aquatic habitat, and the growth of algal blooms. Last Modified: 20-AUG-2009 What is the Lake Macquarie Stormwater Management Plan? The Lake Macquarie Stormwater Management Plan (SMP) was prepared in 1999 in response to a directive issued to all NSW Councils by the Environment Protection Authority. The SMP provides a framework for improved stormwater management and establishes opportunities to promote cooperative action by Council, stormwater managers and the community. It outlines planning and strategy measures such as requiring new developments to reduce the flow of stormwater off their sites. It sets out specific works that are required to prevent erosion and water pollution, such as the construction of stormwater quality devices (SQIDs) around the Lake. It sets out monitoring programs to measure the amount and effects of stormwater pollution and the effectiveness of management programs. Education of the community to increase their understanding of the issues and to change behaviour is the fourth element of the SMP. Many actions in the SMP have already been implemented. In 2004 the remaining actions were reviewed and incorporated in the Lake Macquarie Environmental Action Plan. Related Information Lake Macquarie Environmental Action Plan(Publication) Last Modified: 2-SEP-2009 What are the main stormwater issues for Lake Macquarie? Stormwater issues were identified through a community workshop, catchment audit, and Council's estuary management program. They include: Environmental Issues Elevated nutrient levels – particularly in foreshore areas Elevated levels of bacterial pollution – particularly after rainfall Increased loads of sediment – causing plumes of ‘dirty' water after storms Accelerated catchment erosion – particularly in creeks and foreshore areas Loss of habitat values – due to impacts on seagrass and bushland environments Discharge of environmental pollutants – arising from industrial and commercial premises Litter pollution – mainly observed in creeks and foreshore areas. Aesthetic values of the stormwater system – amenity of concrete stormwater devices is generally low Community understanding of stormwater issues – changes in attitudes and behaviours are required to reduce stormwater pollution Managerial Issues Ad-hoc approach to stormwater management – consistent standards and policies required Lack of defined objectives for stormwater management – targets need to be established Stormwater system based on ‘hard' engineering designs and end-of-pipe solutions – source control and ‘soft' engineering options need to be implemented as a priority. Last Modified: 11-NOV-2010 How has the Stormwater Management Plan be implemented? Council, State, and Federal Governments have spent more than $1million each year since the SMP was adopted building stormwater quality improvement devices (SQIDs) and erosion controls. Award winning projects such as the Salts Bay â€Å"Save the Rainforest from the Rain† project have provided examples of how residents and Council can install sustainable stormwater systems. The new Development Control Plan 1 requires new developments to catch and treat stormwater on site. Stormwater management is a responsibility shared by everyone who lives, works or plays in the Lake Macquarie catchment. The community has an important role to play in the implementation of the Plan. This may involve changing everyday behaviours to reduce the potential for stormwater pollution, for example, by reducing fertiliser use when gardening. As well, government and non-government authorities have a key role to play including Council, Hunter Water Corporation (HWC), Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA), and Wyong Shire Council. Last Modified: 20-AUG-2009 What can you do to prevent stormwater pollution? We can all help to prevent stormwater pollution by preventing pollutants from entering the stormwater system. At home: Wash your car on the grass and use a small amount of detergent or none at all. Dispose of unwanted paints responsibly at an approved collection point for proper disposal. Place used cooking oil in a carton or jar and dispose of when full in garbage bin. Take used motor oil to service station that collects it for recycling purposes. Make sure litter cannot blow out or fall out of garbage bins or recycling containers. In the garden: Reduce use of garden fertilisers and ensure they do not runoff into gutters or drains. Collect and properly dispose of pet droppings down the toilet or put them in the garden. Ensure that you have good grass cover in your yard to prevent soil being washed into the stormwater system. Create a worm farm and compost your grass clippings and garden cuttings. Handweed or mulch to control weeds rather than using chemicals. Incorporate safe pest control into your garden practices. At work: Reduce, reuse and recycle waste products from your office including paper, milk cartons, glass, aluminium and vegetable scraps. In the neighbourhood: Help protect and repair natural wetland areas. Help protect and repair foreshore and riparian (creek-bank) areas. Put your rubbish in garbage bins provided or take it home when you are bushwalking, picnicing or at the beach. Get involved with a Landcare or Coastcare group and spend the weekend with friends restoring native vegetation in riparian lands, wetlands and beach dunes.

Curleys wife throughout Essay

In 1937, John Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men a novella about friendship during the Great Depression. The novella offers a unique and vivid insight into the lives of all social groups during the horrific collapse of the American economy. We’re given a comprehensive insight into the life of woman; a minority group in the American society. During the novella we only meet two women, Curley’s wife is one of them, a very naive young girl. In the novella, Steinbeck uses status to make us the reader feel compassionate towards Curley’s wife and the minority group of women. Curley’s wife has limited status and to some extent freedom on the ranch because she is a woman, a social minority. â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody, I get awful lonely† Steinbeck uses Curley’s wife’s loneliness to make us the reader feel compassionate towards her as no one wants to participate in conversation with her. Candy regards her as â€Å"Jailbait† indicating she is a young female seeking to get men into trouble. Jailbait is slang for a minor who is younger than the legal age of consent for sexual activity, with the implication that an older person might find him or her sexually attractive. â€Å" I never get to talk to anyone† on the ranch there is a strong prejudice towards Curley’s wife, the men of the ranch have some very strong opinions however Candy is rather cruel about her throughout the novella and even when she is dead he verbally abuses her; â€Å"You god damn tramp, he said viciously† throughout the novella we have been aware of a bazaar tension between Curley’s wife and Candy, Candy and Curley’s wife are both regarded as a members of social minority groups. This relationship is perhaps very unequal because Candy is scared of the power Curley’s wife has. Her strength arises from her membership of being a female on the ranch, she has neither mental or physical strength but she has the ability to get Candy or any other ranch occupant lynched or sacked, which is possibly one of the reasons why he hates her. â€Å"Then-it’s all off? Candy said sulkily. † during this tragic time of Curley’s wife’s death, all Candy can think about is his and George’s agreement to buy their own ranch. â€Å"I get awful lonely† Steinbeck makes the reader develop a sympathetic feelings about Curley’s wife as no one wants to talk to her, her own husband doesn’t want to be with her and when he does conversation isn’t on his mind. Curley’s wife urges for attention and status on the ranch. Curley’s wife views herself higher than other people on the ranch, â€Å"they left all the weak ones here† Curley’s wife ironically insults herself by mistake during a dispute in Crook’s bedroom. â€Å"All the weak ones† the irony is that Curley’s wife is in essence calling herself weak. She views herself as an occupant of the ranch with high importance but in reality she is as weak if not weaker than anyone else on the ranch. Her lack of status is because she is a woman and acts in rather provocative way, whilst reading Of Mice and Men it is obvious that she carves attention. The use of the word â€Å"weak† is interesting as it means to lack the power to perform physically demanding tasks; having little physical or mental strength. This is ironic as she is an attention-seeking child. Steinbeck uses foreshadowing to make the book feel more like a piece of readable art. The effect of this in the novella is to make the book interact with emotions and thoughts; in some instances it can appear rather predictable but as enjoyable if not more than any other book. The effect on the reader is that they read on to see if their opinions and thoughts which were sparked by the effect of foreshadowing, are true. In chapter two we meet Curley’s wife for the first time, â€Å"both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in† as the reader this is our first encounter with Curely’s wife, she is presented as a source of danger, but there is a deeper meaning to this. Steinbeck uses light as hope and it enters the bunkhouse until Curley’s wife stands in the doorway and blocks light from entering the bunkhouse. Immediately Curley’s wife is presented as trouble, this scenario is an example of foreshadowing. Curley’s wife dies because of her innocence, when we first meet her in the novella she appears in a rather innocent but provocative manner. â€Å" Her hair hung in little rolled clusters like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps oh which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. † She appears to dress much older than she really is. Steinbeck allowed us to know this by â€Å"A girl was standing there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which indicates that she is quite young but dresses as an older lady which portrays to us the reader that she is really innocent and rather lost in a world she doesn’t quite understand. When we first meet her we see her as a rather flamboyant, confident young woman but towards the end of the novella her persona changes. Before Curley’s wife’s tragic death she confides in Lennie and we see her youth and innocence open up to Lennie. â€Å" He says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural. Soon’s he got back to Hollywood he gonna write to me about it. † Curley’s wife opens up to Lennie about an experience she had with a man who worked in Hollywood, who promised her a career in the movies. Curley’s wife’s innocence and naivety were her own weapons of disaster. It was her innocence that sneakily leads her to her death but Steinbeck warned us about this cataclysmic event from our first introduction to Curley’s wife.

A Review of Kate Chopins The Awakening Research Paper Example

A Review of Kate Chopins The Awakening Research Paper Example A Review of Kate Chopins The Awakening Paper A Review of Kate Chopins The Awakening Paper Essay Topic: The Awakening The survivor squints, nods for a while and finally asks timidly: Its been while since my ship sank Could you please build a motorway connecting my lonely island to the mainland and procure an ultraist car which I can use to travel back home? The genie furrows his brow, outs and shakes his head, and goes on complaining about all the mess with drying up the ocean, all the concrete he has to fix, and so on, and so on. The survivor, nonplussed, asks again: You know, dear genie, throughout my whole life one thing was disturbing me much more than any other: comprehending the womans nature. You know, I would really love to know why they have their whimsies, moods, why are they so capricious once in every while The genie raises his hand and cuts in: Mortal one, do you want a two- or four-lane Its Incredibly hard to malting an objective tone when writing about an Idea as ridiculous as the point made by Katie Chopin in her novel, The Awakening. Although I perceive myself as an open-minded and world-curious person, every tolerance has its limits There were moments when I had to resist the urge to put the little brown mom away for good, and only being cognizant of consequences of such action to my English grade made me force myself through the yellowish pages. Why did its content disturb me to the point of patting palm against the forehead and shaking my head In distaste? The main character of the novel, Edna Pointillist leads a comfortable life. A sweet, loving husband, cute children, enormous amounts of money and an extremely large house. Yet with all of this, Edna Is not fulfilled. After six years of marriage to Leonie, Edna feels an ever-growing void In her life and starts a frantic pursuit for something to fill this void with; the pursuit that we have questionable pleasure to see both from inside (her feelings) and outside (reactions of her friends). Tell me that I am chauvinistic, but isnt marriage based on the concept of mutual agreement to be together in both the thick and thin times? How comes that when men cheat on their wives It Is perceived as a deed of execrableness, whereas thelengthened women such as Edna are free to simply get bored with their lifes ratters Anita cool main character De a topic AT another essay, out, coming Deck to cocoons novels She gives up all of her responsibilities such as taking care of her children when they were sick and she never spent time playing with them. Let alone rejecting her loving husband offers and showing Juvenile boldness as when she breaks a valuable vase or tries to crush the wedding ring. If this shows a contrast between her inner, awakening self and the confining role she has to play in society, as a mother and a fife. Then, well, maybe my tiny brain is not capable of comprehending all of this. After the novel rediscovery in 1969, the book has been often praised for its treatment of womens issue. With Edna being lifted to the rank of an universal all- feminist icon, and posthumous near-reverence of the novels author, Kate Chopin, one could see hardly any voices of criticism. The time of adulation, however, passed and now re-readings of the novel tend to criticize its treatment of race and class. The caged Edna turns out to be quite an egocentric character, failing to relate her own social confinement to the subordinate status of the faceless black servants in the novel. Time for some so-called final words. Should I be deeply touched in the very end of the book, when our crippled bird, Edna Pointillist, commits suicide in the billowing sea mass? Probably. But let me be frank; now its my turn to break with the conveyance I simply wasnt. I Just rolled my tired eyes, and, muttering something about maddens fate, turned off the night lamp and fell asleep

A sociological perspective essays

A sociological perspective essays When a disaster befalls a society, inevitably the event becomes charged with emotional consequences of how one, or a community deals with the devesation of the situation. Behind the conseqences are reasonings that are able to justify the outcome of the event and gives it cause, context, content, and meaning. Disasters that occur within a cultural atmosphere can be classified into subsections: that of natural disaster, and of man made disaster; both posing as different problems, but resulting with the same degree of traumatic impressions left within a communitity. No one can calculate when these catastrophies will strike or when they are scheduled on the calendar, both forms of disaster are unpredictable and are able to catch civilizations completely off gaurd. They counteract the harmony and disturb the flow of societies, uprooting any means of establishment and community. In this paper I will asses a comparason between two major disasters in United States history. The disaster in 1976 at Buffalo Creek, in West Virginia, and a more well known disaster: The World Trade Center Bombing on September 11th, 2002. I will examin how two events, staged in completely different settings and with different stories, result in similar impacts within the cultures, harping on the negative consequences that scarred the lives of people who lived within these two seperate communities. It will examin these two traumas, one from the big city of New York, the ther from a little town in West Virginia, for the similiar insights they provide about the role that culture plays in the shaping of the experience of collective trauma, and the facilitation of recovery from these unexpected ruptures in social life In Buffalo Creek, Kai Erikson travells to this small area to investigate the sociological impact of the disasterous flood that took place in 1976. Erikson deals with the question of what happens to a community when it is faced with the conse...

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Among different kinds of essays you have to write at school, comparison and contrast essays are perhaps the most interesting ones. Writing comparison and contrast essays develops your analytical skills, you can improve your ability to compare and make conclusions. Well, if you are not sure how to write a comparison and contrast essay, you are reading the right article. Starting your comparison and contrast essayTo make a good start of your comparison and contrast essay, make sure you know the basis for comparison. Start with providing some common features, after that find the characteristics which are different, and then make a conclusion. For instance, you do not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on the Bible. Well, pick out one story which you like. For example, let it be a story about Cain and Abel. As a matter of common features, write that both of them worked very hard. Then, to contrast them, start with giving the infor mation that Cain worked in the field, and Abel was a shepherd. Then, write that Abel was humble and kind, and Cain was envious and mean. Once, both of them decided to make a sacrifice to God. While God accepted Abels gift, Cains sacrifice was neglected. That is why we can make a conclusion that God sees in a persons heart, it is impossible to hide anything from Him.Comparison contrast essay writing secretsWriting comparison and contrast essays, remember that it is important to sound emphatic. Sometimes it is not easy to find points to compare. For example, you may not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on some modern book. Modern authors often avoid describing their characters as opposites; they want them to look like real people which have both positive and negative traits. This can complicate writing comparison and contrast essays. For instance, how to write a comparison and contrast essay on History? If you have to compare two poques, choose the main points to characterize. They can be the economical situation in the country, the demographical situation, the level of science development. Write some information about education and culture of these periods. Writing comparison and contrast essays on History, it is also important to mention the level of material welfare of people. In conclusion write in which poque peoples life was better. Now we think that you know how to write a comparison and contrast essay and you will easily complete your assignment.

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just Essay - 2

I did attachment. For all my decument. I want you to do for me just part (3) And (4) - Essay Example A precise example of which would be a scenario where we needed to work as a group and deliver a study related on the biggest effect of early childhood education. Clearly, there are a lot of benefits of which, two of both that immediately came to mind would be economic and social. Two people from the group strongly believed in each and they argued about which had more impact on society. In the situation, no one seems to give way for the other to lay down their points and instantly rested on a conclusion to prove their points. This fighting resulted to a delayed work done, decreased the chances of learning from the two options, and marred a peer to peer relationship. For me, the most important part of the process of resolving a conflict would not be the solution one reaches, instead, would be the process of opening one’s mind to new learning that is different from what one initially had in mind. An example of which would be when we had to promote and ignite people to contribute to a charity event in a sustainable manner which our school was partnering with. Some people believed that the message to be reflected on communication materials would be that â€Å"these unfortunate people need their help†. On the other hand, some came up with an interesting slant by reversing the message which is â€Å"every person’s need to do something meaningful and fulfilling†. This conflict was solved by merging the two equally important messages. Part 4. I have interviewed teachers and at the same time administrators of the school. Some of the conflicts that we’ve all experienced in the workplace would be the amount each person thinks he or she is doing as compared to others, getting appreciation, communicating action plans for certain goals, willingness to consider non-traditional way of doing things, and providing constructive criticisms. People reacted to these conflicts,

The Movements of Employees at Work Abstract Essay

The Movements of Employees at Work Abstract - Essay Example Employee monitoring can be defined as the act of surveillance and monitor employees’ actions during stipulated working hours by use of employer equipment (Stanton & Stam, 2006). It entails the use of computers to record, evaluate and observe an employees’ use of a computer, plus communications like websites visited and emails sent or received besides telephone calls made. However, it is legal for employers to use computer programs to monitor employees (Duquenoy, Jones & Blundell, 2008). Employee surveillance has gained prominence as a prerequisite and in the same breath a contentious issue due to the complexity and prevalent use of technology in the workplace. Employers are worried about employees’ proper behavior and conformity to work-related regulations. Hence some critics believe employee monitoring is an inalienable responsibility. To others, it is an invasion of privacy. Managers employ different ways of monitoring employees’ internet use, emails, an d their location to capitalize on employee productivity, uphold the integrity of the firm and to defend the interest of clientele and workmates (Duquenoy, Jones & Blundell, 2008). When managers start to probe into employees’ private life, mistrust and acrimony are built between employees’ and managers. Many workers have lost their employment and a lot more companies have had to face lawsuits filed against them because people believe that the use of internal company communications should remain confidential (Bassick, 2007). Managers and owners of private firms have had several reasons to scrutinize the activities of their employees. Some are driven by the displeasure when employees misuse company money and waste time to carry out non-work related tasks.  

Aristotle view on Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle view on Antigone - Essay Example Creon utilizes the privileges and power bestowed on a king to the fullest by imposing his wishes. His power is not questionable as he is in command of both the elders and the sentries. His subjects respect him and his decisions. As a result of the power that the king enjoys in the play, he is pivotal in developing of the plot. He is the piece that puts all the other pieces together. All the characters in the story directly relates to him in one way or the other. For instance, his relationship with Antigone arises when she chooses to go against his wish to punish her brother, Polyneices. Instead, she chooses to bury him also lets everyone know about it. The disobedience and punishment the king gives her help create the inventive moment of the play. He is also the focal point in the climax of the story when the king’s punishment to Antigone is questioned as well his suitability to lead Thebes. At this stage, of the play conflict arises between Creon and his son, Haemon because o f the punishment on Antigone and her sister, Ismene. The king is also the focal point at the end of the play as he loses his wife and son to suicides all as a result of his actions at the beginning of the story. Another important condition that the protagonist should fulfill to qualify as a tragedy is to be subject of unmerited misfortune. ... The unawareness is evident from his decision to free Antigone when the prophet informs him of the consequences of his actions. Creon’s decision to punish Polyneices’ actions by having his body abandoned in the battlefields brings rage to Antigone. In her dialogue with her sister, she claims that the king fails to show respect to the dead who have more power than any living soul. It is this rage that leads her to bury her brother. The king also responds with equal proportion of rage feeling disobeyed and chooses to punish her with death. Every action the king takes leads to situation degenerating further. His actions are responsible for the death of Antigone, his son and wife. The play creates fear in two ways. First, there is the fear of the king because of the powers he has at his disposal. The discovery that the king has the power to have his servants bury a person while alive creates fear within the audience. The fact that the victim in this case is Antigone, the for mer king’s daughter helps worsen the fear. In the audience’s view, it can happen to anyone among them if it can happen to Antigone. The other cause of fear is the tragedy that befell the king. From the tragedy, the audience understands that every action they undertake has consequences. The fact that the king’s actions haunt him at the end of the play despite his power and authority only helps worsen the fear in the audience. From the tragedy, several conclusions can be made on the Greek’s way of life. First, the Greeks respected their rulers and their word was as strong as any law in their territories. Also, any disrespect towards the king was met with the harshest punishment that the king chose. The king also had the power to

The Harvard Community Health Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Harvard Community Health Plan - Essay Example In order to deliver high-quality healthcare services to the patients, Harvard Vanguard is focused on establishing a partnering relationship with its patients and community members (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012c). As part of delivering complete healthcare services to the patients, Harvard Vanguard’s physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and the rest of the medical teams are required to work closely with other specialties such as internal medicine, OB/GYN, pediatrics among others (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012d). This is also the main reason why healthcare professionals at Harvard Vanguard are continuously collaborating with other Atrius health affiliates (i.e. Dedham Medical Associates, Granite Medical Group, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Reliant Medical Group, South Shore Medical Center, and Southboro Medical Group) (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012e). As part of the Harvard Vanguard ‘s human resource people plan, this report will explore the effectiveness of its organization's commitment to equality and diversity, individual and organizational learning, compensation, pay-for-performance and incentives, employee benefits, and employee rights. After the conclusion, some recommendations will be provided to ensure that the HR manager of Harvard Vanguard will be able to continuously support and implement necessary changes that aim to improve its current HR practices. Equality and Diversity ‘Equality’ means that work-related discrimination should be removed in order to guarantee that each worker within a business organization is given equal work-related opportunities whereas ‘diversity’ is all about the need to value the differences between two or more different people (Skills for Business, 2012). Basically, the human resource of Harvard Vanguard is committed to promoting workforce diversity and Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) (Employee Guide Book, 2012, p. 7). Without any forms of work discrimination (i.e. race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, age, and handicap or disability veteran status), each and everyone who is currently employed at Harvard Vanguard will be given the equal opportunity for employment (Employee Guide Book, 2012, p. 7). Individual and Organizational Learning Healthcare management is subject to change because of the presence of external socioeconomic factors that could directly affect the way healthcare services are being managed. According to Aspin and Chapman (2001, pp. 39 – 40), some of the reasons why HR managers should provide opportunities for individual lifelong learning includes the need to continuously improve one’s own knowledge and skills for â€Å"economic progress and development†, for â€Å"personal development and fulfilment†, and for â€Å"social inclusiveness and democratic understanding and activity†. Basically, in dividual lifelong learning is a new perspective wherein the modern society is being strongly influenced. In response to the continuous improvements on science and information and communication technology, a lot of educational institutions around the world started promoting the importance of individual lifelong learning (Demirel, 2009).  

Healthy Diet for People with Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Healthy Diet for People with Diabetes - Essay Example According to the code of professional ethics, the nurses and other medical practitioners are accountable for actions and omissions made in their lines of professional duty and practice, and are bound to justify decisions. 4 The National Service Framework (NSF) for Diabetics 4 Diabetes Description 5 Natural Progression and Pathophysiology 5 Epidemiology 7 Symptoms and Related Complications 8 Complications 9 Management 11 Management of Diabetes 11 Management of Complications 14 Preventing Diabetes 15 Preventing Emergencies 18 Conclusion 21 References 22 Dietary Management for Diabetes Patients Introduction Background Diabetes mellitus, simply known as diabetes, is a disease that occurs due to high blood sugar. This could occur from the fact that pancreas is producing inadequate insulin, or because the cells in the body are irresponsive to the insulin that is produced (Dunning, 2009). Diabetes occurs in two main types; type 1 and 2. Apart from type one and two diabetes, there are other forms, for example gestational diabetes, which occurs in pregnant women, there is congenital diabetes, monogenic diabetes, and diabetes related to cystic fibrosis (Dunning, 2009). All of these types have adverse effects on human health and as such as to be managed, if only to prevent the high rate of fatalities that the disease has the potential to bring about (Taheri, 2012). Globally, many diabetics tend to live in denial on the possible physical impacts of diabetes complications such as heart attack, kidney failure, amputation, stroke, eye disease, high blood pressure. This poses a shocking awareness after diagnosis, and is likely to destabilize the psychological status of the patient (Gadsby & Khunti, 2013). Low or unstable blood sugars in diabetics cause irrationality, anger, anxiety, impatience and restlessness that may cause stress, depression and denial. Dietary management for diabetics may require that fried meals and sugary desserts be replaced with baked foods, fresh fruit s and vegetables (Gadsby & Khunti, 2013). The aim of this paper is to look into the management of this disease, especially as pertains to their dietary needs. To this effect, it is important to study the pathophysiology of diabetes, its epidemiology and natural progression to gain an understanding of the background of the illness (Gadsby & Khunti, 2013). In addition to this, the paper will study the some of the common modes of treatment, that is, the use of insulin. The paper will also cover prevention of diabetes and potential complications from the disease, management of these complications and the role of the multidisciplinary team in all this (Taheri, 2012). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guidelines The dietary and nutritional management is fundamental for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes and the effective management of Type 1 and 2 diabetes (Feinglos & Bethel, 2008). NICE guidelines provide information to both the healthcare professionals and the diab etics that are necessary in the determination of healthy dietary choices (Feinglos & Bethel, 2008). Nutritional management is effective for diabetics, and in the prevention of

The Harvard Community Health Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Harvard Community Health Plan - Essay Example In order to deliver high-quality healthcare services to the patients, Harvard Vanguard is focused on establishing a partnering relationship with its patients and community members (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012c). As part of delivering complete healthcare services to the patients, Harvard Vanguard’s physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and the rest of the medical teams are required to work closely with other specialties such as internal medicine, OB/GYN, pediatrics among others (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012d). This is also the main reason why healthcare professionals at Harvard Vanguard are continuously collaborating with other Atrius health affiliates (i.e. Dedham Medical Associates, Granite Medical Group, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Reliant Medical Group, South Shore Medical Center, and Southboro Medical Group) (Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, 2012e). As part of the Harvard Vanguard ‘s human resource people plan, this report will explore the effectiveness of its organization's commitment to equality and diversity, individual and organizational learning, compensation, pay-for-performance and incentives, employee benefits, and employee rights. After the conclusion, some recommendations will be provided to ensure that the HR manager of Harvard Vanguard will be able to continuously support and implement necessary changes that aim to improve its current HR practices. Equality and Diversity ‘Equality’ means that work-related discrimination should be removed in order to guarantee that each worker within a business organization is given equal work-related opportunities whereas ‘diversity’ is all about the need to value the differences between two or more different people (Skills for Business, 2012). Basically, the human resource of Harvard Vanguard is committed to promoting workforce diversity and Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) (Employee Guide Book, 2012, p. 7). Without any forms of work discrimination (i.e. race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, age, and handicap or disability veteran status), each and everyone who is currently employed at Harvard Vanguard will be given the equal opportunity for employment (Employee Guide Book, 2012, p. 7). Individual and Organizational Learning Healthcare management is subject to change because of the presence of external socioeconomic factors that could directly affect the way healthcare services are being managed. According to Aspin and Chapman (2001, pp. 39 – 40), some of the reasons why HR managers should provide opportunities for individual lifelong learning includes the need to continuously improve one’s own knowledge and skills for â€Å"economic progress and development†, for â€Å"personal development and fulfilment†, and for â€Å"social inclusiveness and democratic understanding and activity†. Basically, in dividual lifelong learning is a new perspective wherein the modern society is being strongly influenced. In response to the continuous improvements on science and information and communication technology, a lot of educational institutions around the world started promoting the importance of individual lifelong learning (Demirel, 2009).  

Information Management and Design - Critical Thinking Mod 4 Essay

Information Management and Design - Critical Thinking Mod 4 - Essay Example This will help in knowing the number of CDs that move fast thus enabling the shop owner to diversify into such product codes, hence enabling a clear focus and indication of the products that are in store or out of the store. It should put into consideration the programs that are able to have predetermined weekly forecasts all through the levels of operations of the shop (Wierenga, 2008). When this is done the shop owner is able to have an automatic manipulation of the prices of the CDs in stocking thus factoring in those that sale slow without losing profitability. This system should also take into consideration the ability to set prices in an interactive way that enables better displays thus promoting wholesale practices, this is able to factor all the CDs that are on display without any kind of discrimination in quality versus prices. The prices should be designed in a way that they are grouped as per the code classifications of the products, there may be some CDs that may not sell that first, it is therefore important to put them in that category of CDs that sell fast and code them the same. This kind of system design is able to promote profitability and the movement of the stock (Wierenga, 2008). While designing the system it is also important to put into consideration the promotional calendars that are geared into performing multiple weekly operations rather than single weekly price settings. This should set values for seasonal promotions where certain types of CDs sell at high levels hence the system designs should be able to take into account the promotional activities from the manufacturers to the shop retail levels. The system should be designed in a way that it is able to capture the prices from the competitor’s level in an incomplete way so as to help in designing competitive prices for the products that are able to sell faster and those that sell slower (Burstein, 2008). This kind of system design should be able to find a way of coordinating all the CDs and their categories while in the stores. This system should factor a better way of finding correct method of coding the prices according to the market trends which helps in achieving consistent images across the categories of the CD products in the store. The system should be able to capture all the information from many sources and integrate them together in a compatible format so that the inventory systems can be integrated with pricing systems (Burstein, 2008). The design should be able to help the shop owner in scaling the CDs into one category or more categories so as to help in promoting sales equally regardless of whether the CD is of inferior or superior qualities. While doing all these, the system should also be designed in a way that it gives prices recommendations in a strategic way that all the products are sold in a strategic way and this should be able to warn and discard bad pricing strategies. All these system designs should factor in better ways of easi er data accessibility for better reporting and decision making in knowing the best products in and out of store. When the data is easily accessed, there is a greater possibility of consolidating the data set that can be used in getting better analysis of the CDs according to their clientele suitability and prices. The system shou

The Screaming Truths of Slavery Essay Example for Free

The Screaming Truths of Slavery Essay In the 1700’s to the1800’s slavery is perceived to be a normal system of association existing among humans. Slavery is extensively practiced specially in the Southern part of the Americas. Slaves are being subjected to difficult and severe kinds of work. Negros is the primary race of men that is subjected in a master and slave relationship. Usually, slaves are employed to assist the plantation owners of the work in the agricultural land of the Southern America. Plantations in agricultural lands are mainly maintained because of the servitude of slaves to their white masters. In the era of rampant slavery, there is a great imbalance of the proportion of slaves with the white masters in the South of the Americas. White masters who possess slaves own a minimum of three slaves. There are white masters who own more than fifteen slaves. Slaves have essentially become part of the daily existence of white masters. Slavery is like an appendage of white masters in terms of accomplishments of tasks in the plantation and even in the routines and chores inside the house of the white masters. Slaves are indispensable assistants in doing the rough and course labor. Without the slaves, the white masters will be burdened with great pile of labor loads that are needed in the plantation and other enterprise existing in the agricultural land of the South. However in the advent of resistance regarding the ethical issues and implications on slavery, distressing and astonishing accounts of slaves’ experiences have been uncovered not only among white citizens of the South which lacks the capability of acquiring a slave, but also to the citizens in the North of the Americas. Morality and ethics have been given importance because of the distressing accounts narrated by the Negro slaves. In the course of the resistance in the practice of slavery, the normality and rampant existence of the cruel kind of relationship is greatly admonished. Some of the white inhabitants of the America have undergone through a feeling of abhorrence in the way that slaves are treated by their white masters. Many have loathed the unjust and unfair system of the South. Even citizens outside of the Americas have questioned the practice of the acquisition of slaves for labor purposes. In the present time, slavery is almost already annihilated. However, remnants of the unfair relationship between the dark-skinned race and fair-skinned race are still present and visible. Discrimination has replaced slavery. Discrimination is still always felt by Negros and black-colored skinned people. The agents of discrimination are still the â€Å"superior† race of the white men. In the initiation of the rise of resistance to slavery, there are tough defenders of the advantages and moral value of slavery. There are counter defenses on the accusations among the white men of battery of their slaves. One of the toughest defenders of slavery is George Fitzhugh. And in his â€Å"Sociology for the South or the Failure of Free Society† he has expounded arguments favoring the continuing and flourishing of slavery. He has cited hard facts, economic indicators, and even counter narrative accounts of Negro slaves in strengthening his claims in defending the practice of slavery. In the defense of slavery by Fitzhugh, slavery is seen as the realization of the laws of nature. Slavery is a normal course of the existence of humanity. Slavery is always in accordance with the natural law of survival. In the act employing slaves, the white masters are actually acting in favor of the slaves. In Fitzhugh’s position, slavery is a respectable and generous act. It is because in the act of slavery, white masters are enforced to give good custody to the slaves. Slavery as a decent act by Fitzhugh roots its origin in his perception about human nature. In his statements, human nature is individualistic. Selfishness is the goal of every human being in the world. This selfishness drives man in competing with other men for achieving their wants and goals. This is in coherence with the laws of nature because animals and plants also employ the notion of competition. Stronger and cannier animals overpower and even kill those weaker ones. In the case of plants, those who have the inherent capabilities to survive get more nutrition and minerals than those whose capabilities are menial in surviving the harshness of their natural environment. Thus, it is normal and adequate that in the course of competition, other human beings subjugate other humans. Their triumph over other human beings is a noble cause of their perseverance in struggling for survival. Consequently it is a natural process that men who have prevailed in the struggle for survival be compensated with more facilities of easier life such as larger profit in the course of industry when compared with other men who are incapable of offsetting other men. Therefore, slavery is a result of the white masters’ great capabilities of outweighing the Negros. And the white masters deserve the Negros as their slaves. Slavery is a compensation for the difficulty that white masters underwent. According to the defense of Fitzhugh’s slavery, the Negro must be very thankful of his being bound with the master. It is because the Negros will never need to worry on the means of his daily survival for his white master has given him all that he wanted and will never bereft him of his wants. Fitzhugh stressed that the slaves are actually lucky in the master-slave relationship. When the slave is born, all needs and wants will be provided by the master. The slave will not worry regarding his daily existence because the master will greatly need his assistance. The slave will never be bereft of support from the master. In this light, Fitzhugh declares that the South of the Americas has actually become the model of communism. Another advantage of slavery according to Fitzhugh is the lack of competition among slaves in terms of finding labor. There is also no dispute between the master and the slaves because each part is in the service of the advantage of each other. The slave need not fear the forthcoming of imminent difficulties for he is depending on the white master. Accordingly, this dependency results in the extensive progress of the sense of affection of masters and slaves because this dependency is based on the inherent laws of nature. This dependency also demonstrates the goodness of the white masters to the Negro slaves. Fitzhugh also pointed that in the states that practices slavery, the incidence of crimes, poverty, and dissent are minimal. As the in the South of America, people are happy and calm. Harmony thrives among the inhabitants of the South. The abovementioned are the reasons and arguments of Fitzhugh in his defense of slavery. Because of the preceding statements, Fitzhugh asserted that slavery is a necessary component of a society. Slavery can induce the development of a society for it is transpiring in the light of cooperation and in the symbiotic relationship of the masters and slaves. Further it is in precise agreement in the laws of nature. The arguments of Fitzhugh seem to be reasonable but on the other hand, the accounts of slavery in reality tell differently. Slaves are in total opposite of the accounts of Fitzhugh regarding the harmony of slaves’ lives. In an interview with a past slave named Nancy Boudry, the true story of the lives of Negros has been recounted (Rawrick pp. 113-117). Nancy said that the life as a slave is a life full of difficulty with lengthy periods of work, tough labor, and regular beating from white masters. She told the hardships that she has experience with the everyday life with his master. Another tormenting disproof on the assertions of Fitzhugh is the account of a slave mother who has killed her child (Bassett, pp. 215-216). The crime is committed by the slave mother on the reason of eradicating all the possibilities of her conceived child being subjected in the same existence as her. She is asked if he felt any form of tension when she is performing the act of killing. It is very astounding to know that the slave did not feel any form of tension or fear for herself. All she felt is the relief that her two children have been alleviated from the cruel fate of all colored-skin humans. She has decided to kill her children also because of the brutal treatment of her master towards her. She did not want her children to experience what she has experienced. Aside from accounts of mothers and elderly, there is also a distressing account of a young lady in the hands of his malevolent and evil white master (Jacobs, pp. 142-150). In her account, it will be discovered that slavery is a very painful situation in the eyes of young girl. The hard work and beatings are not the only problem that a growing lady can encounter in a relationship of masters to slaves. Also, sexual abuse is a threat to any growing lady that is possessed as a slave by the white master. The innocence of the growing lady has been replaced by contempt and loathing for her white master. Other narratives of slaves highlight the torment that slaves feel whenever they witnessed their Negro brothers and sisters being maltreated by the white masters. They tell that they can’t contain the sadness that they feel whenever they see such. Though they hardly want to show compassion for their brothers and sisters, it is prohibited by the cruelty of the circumstances where in they are situated. It is also worth noting that slaves are not only been subjected to the ruthlessness of slavery. Also, slaves have experienced the hardships of the civil war, particularly those who inhabit the Southern part of the Americas. In comparison of the South America with the North America, slavery is identified as one of the evils of the South. Failures in the South America are attributed to the practice of slavery contrary to what Fitzhugh is espousing in his assertions. These accounts are only a minute part of the whole accounts of Negros who have suffered from slavery. In reality, it is true that slaves must worry about their future for they are supported by their masters. However, this dependence has subjugated the Negros beyond the level of human beings, slavery made them into animals. And no virtue of humanity is at the side of an act which violates not only the freewill of a person but mostly his disposition as someone that is also human. Therefore, Fitzhugh’s arguments are resting on erroneous and disdainful bases.His position is really not in the side of the society but only in the side of those who benefits from the evils of slavery. References: 1. Rawrick, G. (1972). The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography Vol. 12. Westport: Greenwood. 2. Bassett, P. S. (1856, February 12). A Visit to the Slave Mother Who Killed Her Child. American Baptist Magazine, 215-216. 3. Jacobs, A. (1861). Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. \ 4. Douglass, F. (1845). Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 5. Furman, R. (1822). Exposition of the Views of the Baptists, Relative to the Coloured Population of the United States, in a Communication to the Governor of South Carolina. 6. Escott. (1999). Major Problems in the History of American South. Houghton: Mifflin. 7. Helper, R. (1857). The Impending Crisis of the South. 8. Longstreet, A. (1835). The Fight. Georgia Scenes: Characters, Incidents in the First Half Century of the Republic. 9. Rose. (1976). Documentary History of Slavery in North America. Oxford University Press.

Packet-Hiding Method for Preventing Selective Jamming Attack

Packet-Hiding Method for Preventing Selective Jamming Attack Abstract The open nature of the wireless medium leaves it vulnerable to intentional interference attacks, typically referred to as jamming. This intentional interference with wireless transmissions can be used as a launchpad for mounting Denial-of-Service attacks on wireless networks. Typically, jamming has been addressed under an external threat model. However, adversaries with internal knowledge of protocol specifications and network secrets can launch low-effort jamming attacks that are difficult to detect and counter. In this work, we address the problem of selective jamming attacks in wireless networks. In these attacks, the adversary is active only for a short period of time, selectively targeting messages of high importance. We illustrate the advantages of selective jamming in terms of network performance degradation and adversary effort by presenting two case studies; a selective attack on TCP and one on routing.We show that selective jamming attacks can be launched by performing real -time packet classification at the physical layer. To mitigate these attacks, we develop three schemes that prevent real-time packet classification by combining cryptographic primitives with physical-layer attributes. We analyze the security of our methods and evaluate their computational and communication overhead. Algorithm 1. Symmetric encryption algorithm 2. Brute force attacks against block encryption algorithms Algorithm Description We propose a solution based on All-Or- Nothing Transformations (AONT) that introduces a modest communication and computation overhead. Such transformations were originally proposed by Rivest to slow down brute force attacks against block encryption algorithms . An AONT serves as a publicly known and completely invertible pre-processing step to a plaintext before it is passed to an ordinary block encryption algorithm. Architecture Existing System Jamming attacks are much harder to counter and more security problems. They have been shown to actualize severe Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks against wireless networks. In the simplest form of jamming, the adversary interferes with the reception of messages by transmitting a continuous jamming signal , or several short jamming pulses jamming attacks have been considered under an external threat model, in which the jammer is not part of the network. Under this model, jamming strategies include the continuous or random transmission of highpower interference signals Proposed System In this paper, we address the problem of jamming under an internal threat model. We consider a sophisticated adversary who is aware of network secrets and the implementation details of network protocols at any layer in the network stack. The adversary exploits his internal knowledge for launching selective jamming attacks in which specific messages of high importance are targeted. For example, a jammer can target route-request/route-reply messages at the routing layer to prevent route discovery, or target TCP acknowledgments in a TCP session to severely degrade the throughput of an end-to-end flow To launch selective jamming attacks, the adversary must be capable of implementing a classify-then-jam strategy before the completion of a wireless transmission. Such strategy can be actualized either by classifying transmitted packets using protocol semantics, or by decoding packets on the fly. In the latter method, the jammer may decode the first few bits of a packet for recovering useful packet identifiers such as packet type, source and destination address. After classification, the adversary must induce a sufficient number of bit errors so that the packet cannot be recovered at the receiver [34]. Selective jamming requires an intimate knowledge of the physical (PHY) layer, as well as of the specifics of upper layers Modules:- 1. Network module 2. Real Time Packet Classification 3. Selective Jamming Module 4. Strong Hiding Commitment Scheme (SHCS) 5. Cryptographic Puzzle Hiding Scheme (CPHS) Module Descriptions Network module- We address the problem of preventing the jamming node from classifying m in real time, thus mitigating Js ability to perform selective jamming. The network consists of a collection of nodes connected via wireless links. Nodes may communicate directly if they are within communication range, or indirectly via multiple hops. Nodes communicate both in unicast mode and broadcast mode. Communications can be either unencrypted or encrypted. For encrypted broadcast communications, symmetric keys are shared among all intended receivers. These keys are established using preshared pairwise keys or asymmetric cryptography. Real Time Packet Classification Consider the generic communication system depicted in Fig. At the PHY layer, a packet m is encoded, interleaved, and modulated before it is transmitted over the wireless channel. At the receiver, the signal is demodulated, deinterleaved, and decoded, to recover the original packet m. Moreover, even if the encryption key of a hiding scheme were to remain secret, the static portions of a transmitted packet could potentially lead to packet classification. This is because for computationally-efficient encryption methods such as block encryption, the encryption of a prefix plaintext with the same key yields a static ciphertext prefix. Hence, an adversary who is aware of the underlying protocol specifics (structure of the frame) can use the static ciphertext portions of a transmitted packet to classify it. 3. Selective Jamming Module We illustrate the impact of selective jamming attacks on the network performance. implement selective jamming attacks in two multi-hop wireless network scenarios. In the first scenario, the attacker targeted a TCP connection established over a multi-hop wireless route. In the second scenario, the jammer targeted network-layer control messages transmitted during the route establishment process selective jamming would be the encryption of transmitted packets (including headers) with a static key. However, for broadcast communications, this static decryption key must be known to all intended receivers and hence, is susceptible to compromise. An adversary in possession of the decryption key can start decrypting as early as the reception of the first ciphertext block. 4. Strong Hiding Commitment Scheme (SHCS) We propose a strong hiding commitment scheme (SHCS), which is based on symmetric cryptography. Our main motivation is to satisfy the strong hiding property while keeping the computation and communication overhead to a minimum. The computation overhead of SHCS is one symmetric encryption at the sender and one symmetric decryption at the receiver. Because the header information is permuted as a trailer and encrypted, all receivers in the vicinity of a sender must receive the entire packet and decrypt it, before the packet type and destination can be determined. However, in wireless protocols such as 802.11, the complete packet is received at the MAC layer before it is decided if the packet must be discarded or be further processed . If some parts of the MAC header are deemed not to be useful information to the jammer, they can remain unencrypted in the header of the packet, thus avoiding the decryption operation at the receiver. 5. Cryptographic Puzzle Hiding Scheme (CPHS) we present a packet hiding scheme based on cryptographic puzzles. The main idea behind such puzzles is to force the recipient of a puzzle execute a pre-defined set of computations before he is able to extract a secret of interest. The time required for obtaining the solution of a puzzle depends on its hardness and the computational ability of the solver. The advantage of the puzzlebased scheme is that its security does not rely on the PHY layer parameters. However, it has higher computation and communication overhead We consider several puzzle schemes as the basis for CPHS. For each scheme, we analyze the implementation details which impact security and performance. Cryptographic puzzles are primitives originally suggested by Merkle as a method for establishing a secret over an insecure channel. They find a wide range of applications from preventing DoS attacks to providing broadcast authentication and key escrow schemes System Requirements: Hardware Requirements: System: Pentium IV 2.4 GHz. Hard Disk: 40 GB. Floppy Drive: 1.44 Mb. Monitor: 15 VGA Colour. Mouse: Logitech. Ram: 256 Mb. Software Requirements: Operating system :- Windows XP Professional Front End :- JAVA, Swing(JFC),RMI Tool :Eclipse 3.3

The Prince Essay -- Essays Papers

The Prince The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli provides an analysis on how to govern and maintain power in a principality. In the first five chapters, he defines the three ways a monarch can acquire his dominion: either he inherits it, whether he creates a new one, or annexes territories, and further discusses how to govern them. Machiavelli states that hereditary principalities are less problematic than the mixed ones since newly acquired dominion tend to be more rebellious. The ruler must therefore colonize them and allow citizen to keep their laws or annihilate the governmental structure. In order to illustrate his point, he analyses the success of Alexander the Great conquest in Iran. He then considers five possible ways to acquire power and become a prince (Ch. VI-XI). First, a private citizen can become a ruler due to his own qualities or virtues, like Cyrus or Romulus. A second way to become a ruler is through other’s power or favor. Hence a man like Cesare Borgia gained power due to his father support, but lost it when the latter died. For Machiavelli, getting power so quickly can be dangerous since the new monarch might lack knowledge on how to govern. In the third case, he uses the example of Agathocles of Sicily to illustrate power gained through murders. In his opinion, the conqueror must decide if his crimes will help him establish power and then commit them all at once so that he can later reestablish the confidence of his subjects. The fourth method is called civil principality, people basically choose the ruler, and this enables him to maintain power. The last possibility is to be elected pope and Machiavelli provides a brief overview of the religious order. Next, he explores (Ch. XII- XIV) which arms are best to defend a principality and states that a ruler can chose to use â€Å"his own, or mercenaries, or auxiliaries or a mixture of all three.† From Chapter XV throughout Chapter XIX, Machiavelli proposes to describe how a prince should behave and tells the truth about surviving as a monarch, rather than recommending moral ideals. He describes the virtues commonly assimilated with a prince and concludes that some "virtues" will lead to a prince's destruction, whereas some "vices" will enable him to survive. He describes the advantages of being generous or greedy, merciful or severe, deceitful or honest. Machiavelli... ...d not suffer from bad consequences on the long run. On the other hand, the Exxon-Valdez oil-spill case is an example of deceptive PR. Indeed, not much was done for the Alaskan community and the corporation ended up being perceived in a very negative way by the general public. These two crisis communication cases show that people and mechanisms of power have things in common with Machiavelli’s times, but society has become less tolerant of evil strategies. Rulers or corporations still have the means to deceive, but people are no longer subject to an authority considered divine. Therefore, the ones who govern are exposed to feedback and can hardly avoid the consequences of their acts. A counter example, of course, would be the one of President Clinton as he voluntarily lied in court about his relation with Monica Lewinsky. He put on the face of virtue to deceive his citizens and in so doing manipulated the perception they had of him. In fact, Clinton’s communication specialists probably advised him to use this strategy, which follow the Machiavellian precepts. Although power might not exactly be the same anymore, principles on human natures are constant throughout time.

Literary Elements

Short stories came into the literature world as brief, single sitting stories, yet containing an exclusively developed subject. A short story is packed with descriptive details that form together to grab the reader’s attention in a short amount of time. The authors indulge in rich  details to create the narrative into a jaw dropping meaning story from the beginning to the ending. The author begins with constructing  the story with the building blocks of literary devices. Short story authors apply the literary techniques of symbolism, irony and theme to create a meaningful connection with the reader.Authors exploit symbolism into the works of literature to create strong connections between ideas, actions or persons that intertwine to represent a greater similarity throughout the story. Edgar Allan Poe’s terrorizing narrative, â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† included numerous kinds of symbolism yet the one that stood out by far was regarding the fear of the unk nown world of darkness. The man has been â€Å"†¦left to perish of starvation in [the] world of darkness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 8) symbolizes the thought of darkness being the terror of the man when death is seeking him in the prison. (I)ts outward or upward whirls† (14) of the bladed pendulum symbolized a clock’s pendulum represents time, meaning was death getting closer as it swayed back and forth. In â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw†, W. W. Jacobs goes in depth of bringing in symbolism through actions that one as a human can make because they want certain possessions that maybe they don’t necessarily need. The holy man that had placed the mortifying spell on the devious monkey paw that gave three wishes â€Å"†¦wanted to show that fate ruled people’s lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jacobs 34) but it didn’t give out those wishes without getting something in return.When the father had wished two hundred pounds, they were warned that they would hav e to â€Å"†¦in consideration for your son’s services they wish to present you with a certain sum as compensation. † (39) Now in Poe’s short story, â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† symbolism is used all throughout to illustrate the meaning of the story. â€Å"Now in no one of the seven apartments was there any lamp†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (374) the seven apartments symbolize what the human undergoes through in life and in life, there will not be a lamp that leads you throughout life.The ebony clock’s sound was â€Å"†¦of so peculiar a note and emphasis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (374) symbolizes the importance of living life to the fullest, because time is always ticking by, that death will be approaching at all times. Symbolism has a significant impact into making short stories connote to the readers to grasp the meaning behind the words. Authors then use through character or plot development, an intention of conveying actions or thoughts that  are not w hat they seem to actually be. Josephina Niggli’s story, â€Å"The Street of the Canon† brings out irony from different angles beginning with the mysterious man.While the suspicious man danced with the girl, she had said â€Å"†¦ I think you are a dangerous man. † (Niggli 275) giving the reader the thought that this man must be a disguised as someone that he portrays to be in her town because he knows he wouldn’t be welcomed. When Tio Daniel realizesâ€Å"(t)his is no cheese from Linares,† (279) it generates the idea that someone had trespassed into their land and give them clues that it was someone from the land of Hidalgo to show hope that one day, their quarrel will end in peace.While in â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, Poe applies a slightly different touch of irony into the story but it still has a vast meaning that ties it in together. â€Å"With such precautions the courtiers might bid defiance to contagion,† (373) Princ e Prospero was hoping that with locking the abbey, he and the others would prevent the deadly plague to cause death upon their lives. Prince Prospero became â€Å"†¦maddening with rage and the shame of his own momentary cowardice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (379) made him aware that he could not run away from death, running away would only trigger death to seek him sooner.Whereas in story, â€Å"The Bet† irony is exposed between the lawyer and the banker towards the end of the story. As the fifteen years began closing in, â€Å"†¦it is all over with me: I shall be utterly ruined,† (Chekhov 100) the banker realized he was doomed because he hadn’t been expecting the lawyer to survive imprisoned for the fifteen years which caused his pride to increase and his fortune to decrease. Lastly, irony is seen upon when in the letter that the lawyer wrote to the banker stating, â€Å"†¦I despise wisdom and the blessings of this world.It is all worthless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (10 2), the reader can see that the fifteen years of being imprison had evolved being in prison which led him to open his eyes to see what actually matters in life. Irony is the digging deeper of the obvious in a short story that perhaps changes the whole meaning of the story. Finally, theme is the repeated idea that the author weaves into the story which represents the purpose of the narrative. Anton Chekhov’s main theme in â€Å"The Bet† that is emphasized is that life is more precious than money. To live anyhow is better than not at all,† (97)  the lawyer states from the opening believes that life is too valuable for one to give up the opportunity to live. He would rather live in prison the rest of his life then to be sentenced with the death penalty. Thus, short stories have been given the honor of entering the world due to their presence and the talented authors that have done a remarkable job of using literary elements. They have gone farther than just puttin g words on a paper; they have turned a gist into a tour de force with symbolism, irony and theme.

Survivor: Philippines – an Analysis Using Communication Theory

â€Å"SURVIVOR: PHILIPPINES†: An Analysis of the CBS Program Using Three Theories of Communication Sally Annabella Communications 307 Dr. Debbie Way November 2012 No one has died. Some have been medevacked. It’s a rough game. The CBS television series Survivor is one of the first ‘reality tv’ shows and is now in its 12th year. It features eighteen contestants striving to â€Å"Outwit, Outplay and Outlast† each other to win one million dollars by the end of the season.While it is important to be in good physical shape (the challenges are just that, physically challenging) it is imperative to have impeccable communication skills. In watching episodes of the current season, Survivor: Philippines, I have noticed: Communication Privacy Management Theory, Message Design Logics, Uncertainty Reduction Theory, Politeness Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. While this paper only requires three theories to be mentioned, I will show that all five are tied togeth er.Each season Survivor is filmed over a period of 39 days on a different remote island. The contestants are divided into two or three tribes that start out competing against each other in challenges for a) rewards such as fishing supplies or an elegant feast and b) the coveted Immunity Idol, a token that means they will have the chance to play another three days. The tribe that does not win the idol will have to go to Tribal Council (an event that happens generally every three days) and risk being voted out of the game, hence no chance of winning the million dollar prize.About half-way through the season, the tribes merge into one, each player now plays for himself, and the remaining challenges are centered around winning Individual Immunity. All of the remaining players now go to Tribal Council and vote out one player. These ousted players now form the Jury, and they will be the ones to ultimately vote at the end of the game (when there are three remaining players) on who will tak e home the million dollars. Communication Privacy Management Theory, as stated by Dainton and Zelley on page 68, has four main principles. The one most applicable in Survivor involves boundaries.A boundary linkage is formed when two or more parties share information (Dainton and Zelley p. 71) with each owner of the information being responsible for its privacy. Inevitably, when one player finds a hidden Immunity Idol, they cannot seem to keep the information to themselves. They feel they must entrust someone else with this extremely private information and this almost certainly is their undoing. Dainton and Zelley show on page 72 that Petronio in 2002 states that boundary turbulence occurs when the rules for privacy management are not clear.This statement implies that boundary turbulence is unintentional. In watching Survivor, I found that boundary turbulence could also be intentional. In one instance, Player A told Player B she would not tell anyone that he (Player B) was in posses sion of a hidden immunity idol, yet she did tell someone else (Player C. ) Player C then confronted Player B, causing boundary turbulence with Player A. In another instance (and a different set of players), Players A and B together found a clue to a hidden immunity idol. They promised each other not to tell anyone else.Player A then told Player C. Player C seized an opportunity to plant the clue in Player B’s possessions, making it appear to Player A that Player B had betrayed her, thus creating boundary turbulence. In Message Design Logics Theory, there are three types of communication, expressive (p. 35), conventional and rhetorical (p. 36). Expressive is a sender-focused pattern of communication, concerned primarily with self-expression. Some players do not seem to have a ? lter and allow their thoughts to spew out, whether it be bene? cial to them or not. Conventional operates by rules.In one episode, others in the group let one player know that he was overstepping the li ne of acceptable behavior when he was snuggling with another particular contestant. They pointed out to him that it appeared to the rest of the group that he was in a strong alliance with her. He subsequently stopped sleeping next to her to show the group his allegiance was not tied to her. The more successful players of Survivor communicate in the rhetorical fashion. These individuals â€Å"view communication as a powerful tool used to create situations and negotiate multiple goals (p. 6). † They pay close attention to what others are communicating in order to be better able to understand their point of view, and therefore what they might be thinking beyond what they are saying. Those who use this type of communication are seeking a balance between their goals and keeping harmony with the receiver(s), even to the point of protecting another? s feelings (such as by not embarrassing them. ) They want to maintain a good working relationship with the other person in the future. Survivor contestants experience on a daily basis Uncertainty Reduction Theory.Dainton and Zelley point out on page 43 that, according to Berger and Calabrese (1975), humans regularly experience uncertainty, we do not like the feeling, and we use communication to reduce our uncertainties. In the game of Survivor, the players are in a constant state of uncertainty. They know that, by design of the game, they and their co-competitors all have the same goal. And only one of them is going to reach it. They go into the game knowing they are going to form friendships and they are going to have to lie and accept being lied to.One player stated that nobody wants to betray anybody else and nobody wants to feel betrayed. Politeness Theory also comes into play. Dainton and Zelley show on page 60 that if someone has more power or prestige than you, you will be more polite to them. This theory also states that if what you have to say may hurt the receiver of the information, you will be more poli te. Survivor is all about who has the power. The players all want to be the one with the power, whether they want to let the other players know or not.To tie it to Message Design Logics, if they are a rhetorical communicator, they will be more polite to the one perceived as having the power. The expressive communicator, however, will not be so aware of the need to be polite. Another theory that needs to be mentioned is Social Exchange Theory. Dainton and Zelley on page 61 show that Thibaut and Kelley in 1959 maintained that humans, by nature, are sel? sh. We determine the relationships we keep or let go by weighing the bene? ts versus the costs of these relationships. In Survivor, the players are continually assessing their relationships with each ther, strategizing which relationships will thrive and which will be detrimental to their ultimate goal of making it all 39 days and to the million dollar prize. The CBS television show Survivor is a wealth of examples of communication the ories in action. A contestant cannot possibly make it to the end and win the prize of one million dollars without being an exceptional communicator. This means not only being able to convey one’s own information (expressive Message Design Logics), but also being able to assess how his/her information is being interpreted (rhetorical Message Design Logics. They also need to be able to read the others that are communicating to them, and determine whether the information being portrayed is truthful or not. While contestants have had to be medevacked for physical issues, they have yet to be involuntarily removed from the game for lack of communication skills. References Dainton, M. , & Zelley, E. D. (2011). Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Website: CBS Survivor. http://www. cbs. com/shows/survivor/

Health and safety needs of individuals Essay

Introduction Write a reflective account that evaluates your own contribution to the health and safety needs of individuals whom you have worked with in your placements over the last 9 months. Reflections – Domiciliary Care Work. The purpose of reflection stated by (John, 1995) â€Å" is to promote desirable practice through the practitioner’s understanding and learning about his/her lived experiences†. The key laws and policies that have an impact on my work as a social care worker are The Health and Safety at Work Order (NI) 1978, The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (NI) 2000, Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR), The Manual Handling Operations Regulations (NI) 1992, Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 2002 and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (NI) COSHH 2003. The organisation that I am employed with provides a domillicillary care service to vulnerable adults within the community in their own homes. Before any work can commence with a service user, â€Å"a skilled assessment of clients needs and strengths is essential to effective planning† as stated by (Taylor & Devine, 1993). A risk assessment is then carried out by the occupational therapist. The law states â€Å"you are required to protect people as far as is reasonably practicable†, (Hse, 2014). The findings of the risk assessment are recorded and included in the care plan. At the service user’s home I would familiarise myself with their care plan. I need to ensure that as a social care worker I contribute to the welfare, health, safety and security of that individual as outlined in my employers code of practice and other relevant recommendations of safe moving and handling that is listed for my attention and other care workers. I used â€Å"PPE in accordance with training and instructions†, (Rsi, 2014) supplied by my employer to ensure I protect the service user and myself from infection. On one occasion, I found that a service user was afraid of the hoist because of a fear of falling, feeling vulnerable and embarrassed. I felt empathy for the service user but stated that all moving to and from the bed or chair had to be carried out using the hoist which is stated on the risk assessment for her safety and it is against the moving and handling policy not adhering to the care plan. The service user was further advised that since she had refused to allow the hoist to be used, unfortunately she had  to stay in bed or be lifted by a member of the family. It was my responsibility to have adhered to the moving and handling policy for my own safety and that of the service user whose mobility is impaired. As an employee within the health sector it is my responsibility to conform to the health and safety policy. By adhering to this, I feel that it has enabled me to observe all the safety rules and regulations that are required by law for me to follow. Wearing of gloves, apron s and footwear at all times are standard precaution to take for infection control. Infection control practices are adopted to minimise the spread of infection from one person to another. I feel that it is also my responsibility to report all potential hazards, accidents or incidents to my line manager. Yesterday when I arrived at the home of a service user who has mental impairment, I was confronted by newspapers strewn all over the room, split urine bottles and bags of soiled pads that was taken from the rubbish bin outside. The service user was hoarding these in his room. I felt uncomfortable and immediately, I called my line manager where arrangements were made through his social worker to get his room cleaned to avoid any potential infection from the soiled pads and spilt urine. By attending all mandatory training on moving and handling, food hygiene, administering of medication and first aid. I feel I am kept up to date through training and have improved my own awareness and skills whilst working with service users in a health and safety environment. Recently a service user was walking in the kitchen with her walking stick when she fell and sustained multiple br uises. On my visit I was informed of the incident, which I immediately recorded and reported to my line manager. Since the service user mobility was impaired I encouraged her to use the zimmer emphasising that by using the zimmer it would reduce the risks of her falling and causing potential injury which could be serious. Another issue I had recently was with a co-worker who had decided that in order to save time, we would drag lift a double amputee service user instead of using the glide sheet to glide him up the bed. I was uncomfortable with that suggestion and I refused to partake in that method of moving and handling which was against company policy and I feel I could have potentially caused serious damage to the service user and ourselves. I now think that by insisting that we were to follow the correct moving and handling procedures this prevented any incident from happening and did not leave us open to  disciplinary action. Conclusion Health and safety is an important part of my work out in the community and I need to continuously reflect on this in my every day practice. I feel more secure I the knowledge that it is acceptable to use reflection as a tool in order to turn any unpleasant experience into a positive one

Drilling fluid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drilling fluid - Essay Example The drilling fluid clogs the pores reducing the rocks permeability. This results into formation damage that reduces or prevents production from the reservoir rock after the completion of the well. Lost circulation is another issue that is caused due to creation of highly porous and permeable formation in the subsurface. The drilling fluid gets into the formation without forming up a filter cake. The lost circulation problem is solved by pumping down the fibrous materials such as ground pecan hulls, mica flakes, sugar cane hulls or even shredded cellophane material into the well. They get into the pore spaces of the lost-circulation formation and swell up there closing off the formation and solving the problem. Blowout is caused due to unexpected pressure in the subsurface and fluid comes out of the subsurface rocks known as Kick. With the water or oil flowing into the well gets mixed up with the drilling mud and makes it lighter exerting less pressure on the bottom. The blowout preventers are used to close the hole and to stop the Kick. The drilling mud is constantly monitored for its weight, electrical resistivity, or temperature to know if fluid is being cut by subsurface

The Darlie Routler murder case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Darlie Routler murder case - Research Paper Example The death of her sons happened on the night of June 6, 1996. However, several loopholes are evident in the case history that might help Darlie in getting justice. These include murder weapon not traceable, crime scene being tempered badly before securing the place, motive could not be established, among others. However, police investigators argued that Darlie had self-inflicted stab wounds, while she wanted to get rid of her sons, as they did not like her lifestyle. Darlie had a new hope, as Texas Court of Criminal Appeals gave a ruling in June, 2008 for conducting new DNA tests, which could prove her claim of an intruder responsible for the double murder. The new DNA technology may throw fresh light on the evidences that relate to analysis of bloodstains on her nightshirt and socks of the boys. Introduction The case of Darlie Routier is intriguing in many ways, as investigators and prosecutors have not paid heed to the defense pleas for tracing of the missing murder weapon, which is supposed to be knife from the kitchen of Darlie. Although she was convicted for killing her two sons, based on the financial problems her family was facing, Darlie has petitioned before the Texas Criminal Court for retesting of blood samples using the latest DNA technology. The petition of appeals has requested the court to test the bloodstains from tube sock found in the alley, which was not tested earlier. Similarly, investigators had not tested other possible evidence earlier. These included bloodstains on the nightshirt worn by Darlie, blood swabs present on the butcher’s knife in the kitchen of Darlie. While prosecutors had assumed it to be the murder weapon, the testing was not done on this evidence earlier. In addition, there are many loopholes in this case, which may need further investigation, as the court has agreed for DNA retesting. (Direct appeal, 2008) Further to the above, The Texas Criminal Court has laid down, in its order of 13 April 2012, the exact procedu re to be followed for conducting the new DNA tests at the Department of Public Safety Laboratory in Austin, Texas.(Order, 2012) Case Summery and Overview In the absence of any established motive and eyewitness, the case remains a mystery. This is further complicated by the fact that Darlie has continuously denied the charge. However, the fifteen-second â€Å"Silly String† tape, as recorded by a local news station could not establish her innocence. Media had accused Darlie of using sex toys, taking drugs and child abuse. Nevertheless, no evidence could be established to prove these charges. While State prosecutors found it easier to present such arguments to the jury, family and friends describe Darlie as a compassionate female, who cares for her family and others. (The Darlie Routier Case, nd) Prosecution may not be right The police investigation has been doubtful. While only 400 out of total 1000 photos taken from the crime scene were allowed for examination by the defense, the remaining 600 photos had evidence of trampled blood and tempered blood stained items like blankets. There are blood fingerprints of the alleged intruder at the exit along with blood prints on boots that did not belong to any police person. In addition, a sock having a boy’s blood print was found 75 yards away from the home of Darlie. The answer to the question of sock reaching

Argument Analysis Paper -Vidal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument Analysis Paper -Vidal - Essay Example It is not right if a finale is drawn that every person is virtuous since a number of persons constantly commit crimes after the exploitation of these drugs. Nevertheless, individuals suppose that the prevention adverts make them take more pleasure in their life better. A preponderance of American citizens does not have an excellent memory because they lack the capability of remembering things. The congress had an arrangement to eliminate the drugs, but citizens overlooked the rule and commenced with the abuse of drugs. In the preceding year when the government law limiting for the consumption of marijuana was enacted, adolescents took the drugs and demises augmented. The article proposes the decree that the sale of drugs should be affordable to help in the eradication of drugs vice. The American citizens defend the idea to discontinue drug addiction; however there is no enticing amid sin and money. Therefore, the circumstances will be extra intricate. In the article, Gore Vidal is attempting to depict that citizens are will consume and abuse drugs even if they are lawful or unlawful, and trading them for their price and tagging the righteous and dreadful consequences of drugs. This will instigate citizens to be more conscious of the dangers and cause a decline in the exploitation of drugs. The author obviously affirmed that he is protesting against individuals such as Theodore Dalrymple who appear to suppose that if drugs are proposed to be lawful everybody will exploit them. These will then lead to atrocious things occurring. This is a noteworthy case in point for the first section of â€Å"They Say I Say† that says to affirm what argument a writer responds (Chaffee, 455). Theodore Dalrymple appears to employ the message feature of the metaphorical triangle by offering hordes of information, motives and proof in his article. Conversely, Gore Vidal appears to use the